ComparingStructures

Before you begin, please enter your group members names in the table below:

 * = Group Number || Names of group members (include index numbers) || Question number ||
 * = 1 || Lidia (18), Joanne (13), Tracy (10), Yun Ting (7), Rebekah (16) || Q1 & Q2 ||
 * = 2 || Victoria (30), Jessica (31), Andrea (3), Yun Zhen (8), Ling Ling (6), Jasmine (23) || Q2 & Q3 ||
 * = 3 || Valerie (15), Jingwen (26), Letitia (05), Huijun (12), Huiwen (25), Vanessa (29) || Q3 & Q4 ||
 * = 4 || Jodie (20), Esna (9), Lisa (17), Wen Xin (22), Anar (2) || Q5 & Q1 ||
 * = 5 || Cherine (4), Rosemarie (19), Michelle (21), Kaylynn (27), Jixin (11) || Q4 & Q5 ||
 * = 6 || Iram (14), Yiyun (28), Aliza (1) || Q3 & Q5 ||

(A) The two diagrams in each of the following questions show how particles are arranged in different substances. Think about how the two diagrams are similar and how they are different.
Q1.

Let the first diagram be A. Let the second diagram be B. || * Both are made up of only one type of substance, not a mixture of two or more substances. - the particles are in an irregular arrangement - both substances are pure || - the substance in diagram is a pure compound while the substance in diagram 2 is a pure element - the substance in diagram 1 is represented in 3D (showing how the atoms are held together) while the substance is represented in 2D - the atoms in diagram 1 are held together by electrostatic forces to form a compound while the element in diagram 2 is not a diatomic element hence, there are no electrostatic forces involved ||
 * Group number || **Similarities** || **Differences** ||
 * 1
 * Both show spaces between the particles - molecules (in A), and atoms (in B) - that indicated weak forces of attraction between the particles. || * A does not state the type of substance, while B shows that it is helium (He).
 * A is made up of molecules, while B is made up of atoms of an element. ||
 * 4 || - there are space between the particles

Q2.

Let the first diagram be A. Let the second diagram be B. || * Both are made up of only one type of substance, not a mixture of two or more substances.
 * Group number || **Similarities** || **Differences** ||
 * 1
 * Both show the closely packed, orderly arrangement of the particles, indicating strong forces of attraction between the particles. || * A does not show the polarity and charges of the atom undergoing metallic bonding and the delocalised electrons, whereas, B shows clearly the ionic bonding and the polarity of the sodium and chlorine ions (Na +) and (Cl -).
 * A shows a pure element made up of only one type of atoms, while B shows a compound. ||
 * 2 || Very very little nothingness between particles || In the first diagram, it is composed out of metal atoms only. In the second diagram, it is composed out of ions. (So we can make the inference that metallic bonding occurs in the first diagram, while ionic bonding occurs in the second diagram)

The first diagram shows a pure element, while the second diagram shows a compound. ||

Q3.


 * Group number || **Similarities** || **Differences** ||
 * 2 || Very very little nothingness between particles || First diagram shows valence electrons, while second diagram does not, the second diagram shows the charges of the ions. The first diagram shows the valence electrons being shared and so we can infer that covalent bonding occurs in the first diagram. While we can also infer that ionic bonding occurs in the second diagram from the charges shown.

The first diagram shows a pure element, while the second diagram shows a compound. || - 1st one exists as one macromolecule, 2nd one exists as ions. ||
 * 3 || both are closely packed together and arranged in an orderly arrangement. || the molecules in the first diagram are covalently bonded; whereas the ions in the second diagram are ionically bonded. ||
 * 6 || - particles are packed closely together || - 1st one has only one element carbon, 2nd one has 1 element and 1 compound nitrate

Q4.

the molecules in the second diagram are sparsely packed in a random arrangement || - Both molecules are only made up of one type of atom, therefore they both represent elements || - There are larger gaps between the molecules of nitrogen than the gaps between iodine molecules. - The iodine is in a solid state while the nitrogen is in a gaseous state. ||
 * Group number || **Similarities** || **Differences** ||
 * 3 || they are both diatomic molecules || -the molecules in the first diagram are closely packed and arranged in an orderly arrangement.
 * 5 || - Both are molecules

Q5.

- electrostatic forces are present in both diagrams (diagram 1: holds together the two elements, diagram 2: holds the elements of the compound together) || - the substance in diagram 1 is made up of two elements held closely together by electrostatic forces in an orderly arrangement while the substance in diagram 2 is a mixture made up of a compound and 2 elements ||
 * Group number || **Similarities** || **Differences** ||
 * 4 || - both substances contain the same two elements
 * 5 || - Both are made up of the elements sodium and chloride || - The diagram on the left is a mixture of compounds while the diagram on the right is a mixture of compounds and elements. ||
 * 6 || - both contain sodium and chloride ions || - 1st one is made up of purely sodium and chloride ions, 2nd one is made up of sodium and chloride ions and another type of molecule ||